Antilochus (son of Nestor)
In Greek mythology, Antilochus (/ænˈtɪləkəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἀντίλοχος Antílokhos) was a prince of Pylos and one of the Achaeans in the Trojan War. He was the youngest prince to command troops, and was one of Achilles' lovers.
Family
[edit]Antilochus was the son of King Nestor either by Anaxibia[1] or Eurydice.[2] He was the brother to Thrasymedes, Pisidice, Polycaste, Perseus, Stratichus, Aretus, Echephron and Pisistratus.
Mythology
[edit]One of the suitors of Helen, Antilochus accompanied his father Nestor and his brother Thrasymedes to the Trojan War. When fighting there resumed after the aborted duel of Paris and Menelaus, Antilochus was first to kill a Trojan (namely Echepolus).[3] Antilochus was distinguished for his beauty, swiftness of foot, and skill as a charioteer. Though the youngest among the Greek princes, he commanded the Pylians in the war and performed many deeds of valour. He was a favorite of the gods and a comrade and lover of Achilles.[4]
Antilochus was commissioned to tell Achilles of the death of his beloved Patroclus.[5] Menelaus believed that Antilochus would be the best choice to share this news because Achilles also already loved Antilochus. While they lamented Patroclus together, Antilochus made sure that Achilles did not commit suicide. Antilochus also mourned the loss of Patroclus, and his relationship with Achilles served to comfort and distract them both from their grief.[4]
When Antilochus' father Nestor was attacked by Memnon, Antilochus sacrificed himself to save Nestor, thus fulfilling an oracle which had warned to "beware of an Ethiopian."[6] The Achaeans retrieved Antilochus' body on the battlefield and lamented him. Achilles embraced Antilochus and lamented as well, promising him a glorious funeral and vengeance, in the same way Achilles had honored Patroclus.[7] Achilles then killed Memnon to avenge Antilochus' death, and drove the Trojans back to the gates, where Achilles was killed by Paris.[8] In later accounts, Antilochus was slain by Hector[9] or by Paris in the temple of the Thymbraean Apollo together with Achilles[10]
Antilochus' ashes, along with those of Achilles and Patroclus, were enshrined in a mound on the promontory of Sigeion, where the inhabitants of Ilium offered sacrifice to the dead heroes.[11][12] In the Odyssey,[13] the three friends are represented as united in the underworld and walking together in the Asphodel Meadows. However, according to Pausanias,[14] they dwell together on the island of Leuke.[5]
Among the Trojans he killed were Melanippus, Ablerus, Atymnius, Phalces, Echepolos, and Thoon, although Hyginus records that he only killed two Trojans.[15] At the funeral games of Patroclus, Antilochus finished second in the chariot race and third in the foot race.
Antilochus left behind in Messenia a son Paeon, whose descendants were among the Neleidae expelled from Messenia, by the descendants of Heracles.[16]
Notes
[edit]- ^ Homer, Odyssey 3.451–52
- ^ Apollodorus, 1.9.9
- ^ Homer, Iliad 4.457–8
- ^ a b Philostratus, Imagines, 2.7.1 (Original Greek text)
- ^ a b Chisholm 1911.
- ^ Pindar, Pythian Odes 6.28
- ^ Philostratus, Imagines, 2.7.2 (Original Greek text)
- ^ "Cypria - Livius". www.livius.org.
- ^ Hyginus, Fabulae 113
- ^ Dares Phrygius, 34
- ^ Homer, Odyssey 24.72
- ^ Strabo, 13
- ^ Homer, Odyssey 11.468
- ^ Pausanias, 3.19
- ^ Hyginus, Fabulae 114
- ^ Pausanias, 2.18.7–9
References
[edit]
- Apollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
- Dares Phrygius, from The Trojan War. The Chronicles of Dictys of Crete and Dares the Phrygian translated by Richard McIlwaine Frazer Jr. (1931-). Indiana University Press. 1966. Online version at theio.com
- Gaius Julius Hyginus, Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
- Homer, The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. ISBN 978-0674995796. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Homer, Homeri Opera in five volumes. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 1920. ISBN 978-0198145318. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Homer, The Odyssey with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1919. ISBN 978-0674995611. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
- Pausanias, Description of Greece. W. H. S. Jones (translator). Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. (1918). Vol. 1. Books I–II: ISBN 0-674-99104-4.
- Pindar, Odes translated by Diane Arnson Svarlien. 1990. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Pindar, The Odes of Pindar including the Principal Fragments with an Introduction and an English Translation by Sir John Sandys, Litt.D., FBA. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1937. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Strabo, The Geography of Strabo. Edition by H.L. Jones. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Strabo, Geographica edited by A. Meineke. Leipzig: Teubner. 1877. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Antilochus". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 126–127.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
